Source code for seglearn.transform

"""
This module is for transforming time series data.
"""
# Authors: David Burns, Matthias Gazzari, Philip Boyer
# License: BSD

import warnings

import numpy as np
from scipy.interpolate import interp1d
from sklearn.base import BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin
from sklearn.exceptions import NotFittedError
from sklearn.utils import check_random_state, check_array
from sklearn.utils.metaestimators import _BaseComposition

from .base import TS_Data
from .feature_functions import base_features
from .util import get_ts_data_parts, check_ts_data, interp_sort

__all__ = ['Segment', 'SegmentX', 'SegmentXY', 'SegmentXYForecast', 'PadTrunc', 'InterpLongToWide', 'Interp',
           'FeatureRep', 'FeatureRepMix', 'FunctionTransformer']


class XyTransformerMixin(object):
    """ Base class for transformer that transforms data and target """

    def fit_transform(self, X, y, sample_weight=None, **fit_params):
        """
        Fit the data and transform (required by sklearn API)

        Parameters
        ----------
        X : array-like, shape [n_series, ...]
           Time series data and (optionally) contextual data
        y : array-like shape [n_series], default = None
            target vector
        sample_weight : array-like shape [n_series], default = None
            sample weights

        Returns
        -------
        X_new : array-like, shape [n_segments, ]
            transformed time series data
        y_new : array-like, shape [n_segments]
            expanded target vector
        sample_weight_new : array-like shape [n_segments]
            expanded sample weights
        """
        return self.fit(X, y, **fit_params).transform(X, y, sample_weight)


def last(y):
    """ Returns the last column from 2d matrix """
    return y[:, (y.shape[1] - 1)]


def middle(y):
    """ Returns the middle column from 2d matrix """
    return y[:, y.shape[1] // 2]


def mean(y):
    """ returns average along axis 1"""
    return np.mean(y, axis=1)


def every(y):
    """ Returns all values (sequences) of y """
    return y


def shuffle_data(X, y=None, sample_weight=None):
    """ Shuffles indices X, y, and sample_weight together"""
    if len(X) > 1:
        ind = np.arange(len(X), dtype=int)
        np.random.shuffle(ind)
        Xt = X[ind]
        yt = y
        swt = sample_weight

        if yt is not None:
            yt = yt[ind]
        if swt is not None:
            swt = swt[ind]

        return Xt, yt, swt
    else:
        return X, y, sample_weight


[docs]class Segment(BaseEstimator, XyTransformerMixin): """ Transformer for sliding window segmentation for datasets where X is time series data, optionally with contextual variables and y can either have a single value for each time series or itself be a time series with the same sampling interval as X The target y is mapped to segments from their parent series. If the target y is a time_series, the optional parameter y_func determines the mapping behavior. The segment targets can be a single value, or a sequence of values depending on ``y_func`` parameter. The transformed data consists of segment/target pairs that can be learned through a feature representation or directly with a neural network. Parameters ---------- width : int > 0 width of segments (number of samples) overlap : float range [0,1] amount of overlap between segments. must be in range: 0 <= overlap <= 1 (note: setting overlap to 1.0 results in the segments to being advanced by a single sample) step : int range [1, width] (default=None) number of samples to advance adjacent segments (note: this takes precedence over overlap) y_func : function returns target from array of target segments (eg ``last``, ``middle``, or ``mean``) shuffle : bool, optional shuffle the segments after transform (recommended for batch optimizations) random_state : int, default = None Randomized segment shuffling will return different results for each call to ``transform``. If you have set ``shuffle`` to True and want the same result with each call to ``fit``, set ``random_state`` to an integer. order : str, optional (default='F') Determines the index order of the segmented time series. 'C' means C-like index order (first index changes slowest) and 'F' means Fortran-like index order (last index changes slowest). 'C' ordering is suggested for neural network estimators, and 'F' ordering is suggested for computing feature representations. Returns ------- self : object Returns self. """ def __init__(self, width=100, overlap=0.5, step=None, y_func=last, shuffle=False, random_state=None, order='F'): self.width = width self.overlap = overlap if step is None else None self.step = step self.y_func = y_func self.shuffle = shuffle self.random_state = random_state self.order = order self._validate_params() def _validate_params(self): if not self.width >= 1: raise ValueError("width must be >=1 (was %d)" % self.width) if self.overlap is not None and not (0.0 <= self.overlap <= 1.0): raise ValueError("overlap must be >=0 and <=1.0 (was %.2f)" % self.overlap) if self.step is not None and not (1 <= self.step <= self.width): raise ValueError('step must be >=1 and <=width=%s (was %s)' % (self.width, self.step)) if self.overlap is None and self.step is None: raise ValueError('Either overlap or step must be set to a valid number') if not self.order in ('C', 'F'): raise ValueError('order must be either "C" or "F" (was %s' % self.order) @property def _step(self): if self.step is not None: return self.step else: return max(1, int(self.width * (1. - self.overlap)))
[docs] def fit(self, X, y=None): """ Fit the transform Parameters ---------- X : array-like, shape [n_series, ...] Time series data and (optionally) contextual data y : None There is no need of a target in a transformer, yet the pipeline API requires this parameter. shuffle : bool Shuffles data after transformation Returns ------- self : object Returns self. """ check_ts_data(X, y) return self
[docs] def transform(self, X, y=None, sample_weight=None): """ Transforms the time series data into segments (temporal tensor) Note this transformation changes the number of samples in the data If y and sample_weight are provided, they are transformed to align to the new samples Parameters ---------- X : array-like, shape [n_series, ...] Time series data and (optionally) contextual data y : array-like shape [n_series], default = None target vector sample_weight : array-like shape [n_series], default = None sample weights Returns ------- Xt : array-like, shape [n_segments, ] transformed time series data yt : array-like, shape [n_segments] expanded target vector sample_weight_new : array-like shape [n_segments] expanded sample weights """ ts_target = check_ts_data(X, y) Xt, Nt = self._segmentX(X) yt = y if yt is not None: yt = self._segmentY(y, Nt, ts_target) swt = sample_weight if swt is not None: swt = expand_variables_to_segments(swt, Nt).ravel() if self.shuffle is True: check_random_state(self.random_state) return shuffle_data(Xt, yt, swt) return Xt, yt, swt
def _segmentX(self, X): Xt, Xc = get_ts_data_parts(X) N = len(Xt) # number of time series if Xt[0].ndim > 1: Xt = np.array([sliding_tensor(Xt[i], self.width, self._step, self.order) for i in np.arange(N)], dtype=object) else: Xt = np.array([sliding_window(Xt[i], self.width, self._step, self.order) for i in np.arange(N)], dtype=object) Nt = [len(Xt[i]) for i in np.arange(len(Xt))] Xt = np.concatenate(Xt).astype(float) if Xc is not None: Xc = expand_variables_to_segments(Xc, Nt) Xt = TS_Data(Xt, Xc) return Xt, Nt def _segmentY(self, y, Nt, ts_target=False): if ts_target: yt = np.array([sliding_window(y[i], self.width, self._step, self.order) for i in np.arange(len(y))], dtype=object) yt = np.concatenate(yt).astype(float) yt = self.y_func(yt) else: yt = expand_variables_to_segments(y, Nt) if yt.ndim > 1 and yt.shape[1] == 1: yt = yt.ravel() return yt
[docs]class SegmentX(Segment): """ DEPRECATED - Use Segment class instead Transformer for sliding window segmentation for datasets where X is time series data, optionally with contextual variables and each time series in X has a single target value y The target y is mapped to all segments from their parent series. The transformed data consists of segment/target pairs that can be learned through a feature representation or directly with a neural network. Parameters ---------- width : int > 0 width of segments (number of samples) overlap : float range [0,1] amount of overlap between segments. must be in range: 0 <= overlap <= 1 (note: setting overlap to 1.0 results in the segments to being advanced by a single sample) step : int range [1, width] (default=None) number of samples to advance adjacent segments (note: this takes precedence over overlap) shuffle : bool, optional shuffle the segments after transform (recommended for batch optimizations) random_state : int, default = None Randomized segment shuffling will return different results for each call to ``transform``. If you have set ``shuffle`` to True and want the same result with each call to ``fit``, set ``random_state`` to an integer. order : str, optional (default='F') Determines the index order of the segmented time series. 'C' means C-like index order (first index changes slowest) and 'F' means Fortran-like index order (last index changes slowest). 'C' ordering is suggested for neural network estimators, and 'F' ordering is suggested for computing feature representations. Todo ---- separate fit and predict overlap parameters """ def __init__(self, width=100, overlap=0.5, step=None, shuffle=False, random_state=None, order='F'): super().__init__(width=width, overlap=overlap, step=step, shuffle=shuffle, random_state=random_state, order=order) warnings.warn("deprecated, use Segment class", DeprecationWarning)
[docs]class SegmentXY(Segment): """ DEPRECATED - Use Segment class instead Transformer for sliding window segmentation for datasets where X is time series data, optionally with contextual variables and y is also time series data with the same sampling interval as X The target y is mapped to segments from their parent series, using the parameter ``y_func`` to determine the mapping behavior. The segment targets can be a single value, or a sequence of values depending on ``y_func`` parameter. The transformed data consists of segment/target pairs that can be learned through a feature representation or directly with a neural network. Parameters ---------- width : int > 0 width of segments (number of samples) overlap : float range [0,1] amount of overlap between segments. must be in range: 0 <= overlap <= 1 (note: setting overlap to 1.0 results in the segments to being advanced by a single sample) step : int range [1, width] (default=None) number of samples to advance adjacent segments (note: this takes precedence over overlap) y_func : function returns target from array of target segments (eg ``last``, ``middle``, or ``mean``) shuffle : bool, optional shuffle the segments after transform (recommended for batch optimizations) random_state : int, default = None Randomized segment shuffling will return different results for each call to ``transform``. If you have set ``shuffle`` to True and want the same result with each call to ``fit``, set ``random_state`` to an integer. order : str, optional (default='F') Determines the index order of the segmented time series. 'C' means C-like index order (first index changes slowest) and 'F' means Fortran-like index order (last index changes slowest). 'C' ordering is suggested for neural network estimators, and 'F' ordering is suggested for computing feature representations. Returns ------- self : object Returns self. """ def __init__(self, width=100, overlap=0.5, step=None, y_func=last, shuffle=False, random_state=None, order='F'): super().__init__(width=width, overlap=overlap, step=step, y_func=y_func, shuffle=shuffle, random_state=random_state, order=order) warnings.warn("deprecated, use Segment class", DeprecationWarning)
[docs]class SegmentXYForecast(Segment): """ Forecast sliding window segmentation for time series or sequence datasets The target y is mapped to segments from their parent series, using the ``forecast`` and ``y_func`` parameters to determine the mapping behavior. The segment targets can be a single value, or a sequence of values depending on ``y_func`` parameter. The transformed data consists of segment/target pairs that can be learned through a feature representation or directly with a neural network. Parameters ---------- width : int > 0 width of segments (number of samples) overlap : float range [0,1] amount of overlap between segments. must be in range: 0 <= overlap <= 1 (note: setting overlap to 1.0 results in the segments to being advanced by a single sample) step : int range [1, width] (default=None) number of samples to advance adjacent segments (note: this takes precedence over overlap) forecast : int The number of samples ahead in time to forecast y_func : function returns target from array of target forecast segments (eg ``last``, or ``mean``) shuffle : bool, optional shuffle the segments after transform (recommended for batch optimizations) random_state : int, default = None Randomized segment shuffling will return different results for each call to ``transform``. If you have set ``shuffle`` to True and want the same result with each call to ``fit``, set ``random_state`` to an integer. order : str, optional (default='F') Determines the index order of the segmented time series. 'C' means C-like index order (first index changes slowest) and 'F' means Fortran-like index order (last index changes slowest). 'C' ordering is suggested for neural network estimators, and 'F' ordering is suggested for computing feature representations. Returns ------- self : object Returns self. """ def __init__(self, width=100, overlap=0.5, step=None, forecast=10, y_func=last, shuffle=False, random_state=None, order='F'): super().__init__(width=width, overlap=overlap, step=step, shuffle=shuffle, random_state=random_state, order=order) if not forecast >= 1: raise ValueError("forecast must be >=1 (was %d)" % forecast) self.y_func = y_func self.forecast = forecast
[docs] def transform(self, X, y=None, sample_weight=None): """ Forecast sliding window segmentation for time series or sequence datasets. Note this transformation changes the number of samples in the data. Currently sample weights always returned as None. Parameters ---------- X : array-like, shape [n_series, ...] Time series data and (optionally) contextual data y : array-like shape [n_series] target vector sample_weight : array-like shape [n_series], default = None sample weights Returns ------- X_new : array-like, shape [n_segments, ] segmented X data y_new : array-like, shape [n_segments] forecast y data sample_weight_new : None """ check_ts_data(X, y) Xt, Xc = get_ts_data_parts(X) yt = y # if only one time series is learned if len(Xt[0]) == 1: Xt = [Xt] N = len(Xt) # number of time series if Xt[0].ndim > 1: Xt = np.array([sliding_tensor(Xt[i], self.width + self.forecast, self._step, self.order) for i in np.arange(N)], dtype=object) else: Xt = np.array([sliding_window(Xt[i], self.width + self.forecast, self._step, self.order) for i in np.arange(N)], dtype=object) Nt = [len(Xt[i]) for i in np.arange(len(Xt))] Xt = np.concatenate(Xt).astype(float) # todo: implement advance X Xt = Xt[:, 0:self.width] if Xc is not None: Xc = expand_variables_to_segments(Xc, Nt) Xt = TS_Data(Xt, Xc) if yt is not None: yt = np.array([sliding_window(yt[i], self.width + self.forecast, self._step, self.order) for i in np.arange(N)], dtype=object) yt = np.concatenate(yt).astype(float) yt = yt[:, self.width:(self.width + self.forecast)] # target y yt = self.y_func(yt) if self.shuffle is True: check_random_state(self.random_state) Xt, yt, _ = shuffle_data(Xt, yt) return Xt, yt, None
def expand_variables_to_segments(v, Nt): """ expands contextual variables v, by repeating each instance as specified in Nt """ N_v = len(np.atleast_1d(v[0])) return np.concatenate([np.full((Nt[i], N_v), v[i]) for i in np.arange(len(v))], axis=0) def sliding_window(time_series, width, step, order='F'): """ Segments univariate time series with sliding window Parameters ---------- time_series : array like shape [n_samples] time series or sequence width : int > 0 segment width in samples step : int > 0 stepsize for sliding in samples Returns ------- w : array like shape [n_segments, width] resampled time series segments """ w = np.hstack([time_series[i:1 + i - width or None:step] for i in range(0, width)]) result = w.reshape((int(len(w) / width), width), order='F') if order == 'F': return result else: return np.ascontiguousarray(result) def sliding_tensor(mv_time_series, width, step, order='F'): """ segments multivariate time series with sliding window Parameters ---------- mv_time_series : array like shape [n_samples, n_variables] multivariate time series or sequence width : int > 0 segment width in samples step : int > 0 stepsize for sliding in samples Returns ------- data : array like shape [n_segments, width, n_variables] segmented multivariate time series data """ D = mv_time_series.shape[1] data = [sliding_window(mv_time_series[:, j], width, step, order) for j in range(D)] return np.stack(data, axis=2)
[docs]class PadTrunc(BaseEstimator, XyTransformerMixin): """ Transformer for using padding and truncation to enforce fixed length on all time series in the dataset. Series' longer than ``width`` are truncated to length ``width``. Series' shorter than length ``width`` are padded at the end with zeros up to length ``width``. The same behavior is applied to the target if it is a series and passed to the transformer. Parameters ---------- width : int >= 1 width of segments (number of samples) """ def __init__(self, width=100): if not width >= 1: raise ValueError("width must be >= 1 (was %d)" % width) self.width = width def _mv_resize(self, v): N = len(v) if v[0].ndim > 1: D = v[0].shape[1] w = np.zeros((N, self.width, D)) else: w = np.zeros((N, self.width), dtype=float) for i in np.arange(N): Ni = min(self.width, len(v[i])) w[i, 0:Ni] = v[i][0:Ni] return w
[docs] def fit(self, X, y=None): """ Fit the transform. Does nothing, for compatibility with sklearn API. Parameters ---------- X : array-like, shape [n_series, ...] Time series data and (optionally) contextual data y : None There is no need of a target in a transformer, yet the pipeline API requires this parameter. Returns ------- self : object Returns self. """ check_ts_data(X, y) return self
[docs] def transform(self, X, y=None, sample_weight=None): """ Transforms the time series data into fixed length segments using padding and or truncation If y is a time series and passed, it will be transformed as well Parameters ---------- X : array-like, shape [n_series, ...] Time series data and (optionally) contextual data y : array-like shape [n_series], default = None target vector sample_weight : array-like shape [n_series], default = None sample weights Returns ------- X_new : array-like, shape [n_series, ] transformed time series data y_new : array-like, shape [n_series] expanded target vector sample_weight_new : None """ ts_target = check_ts_data(X, y) Xt, Xc = get_ts_data_parts(X) yt = y swt = sample_weight Xt = self._mv_resize(Xt) if Xc is not None: Xt = TS_Data(Xt, Xc) if yt is not None and ts_target: # y is a time series yt = self._mv_resize(yt) swt = None elif yt is not None: # todo: is this needed? yt = np.array(yt) return Xt, yt, swt
[docs]class Interp(BaseEstimator, XyTransformerMixin): """ Transformer for resampling time series data to a fixed period over closed interval (direct value interpolation). Default interpolation is linear, but other types can be specified. If the target is a series, it will be resampled as well. categorical_target should be set to True if the target series is a class The transformer will then use nearest neighbor interp on the target. This transformer assumes the time dimension is column 0, i.e. X[0][:,0] Note the time dimension is removed, since this becomes a linear sequence. If start time or similar is important to the estimator, use a context variable. Parameters ---------- sample_period : numeric desired sampling period kind : string interpolation type - valid types as per scipy.interpolate.interp1d categorical_target : bool set to True for classification problems to use nearest instead of linear interp for the target assume_sorted : bool assume time series data is sorted by timestamp """ def __init__(self, sample_period, kind='linear', categorical_target=False, assume_sorted=True): if not sample_period > 0: raise ValueError("sample_period must be >0 (was %f)" % sample_period) self.sample_period = sample_period self.kind = kind self.categorical_target = categorical_target self.assume_sorted = assume_sorted
[docs] def fit(self, X, y=None): """ Fit the transform. Does nothing, for compatibility with sklearn API. Parameters ---------- X : array-like, shape [n_series, ...] Time series data and (optionally) contextual data y : None There is no need of a target in a transformer, yet the pipeline API requires this parameter. Returns ------- self : object Returns self. """ check_ts_data(X, y) if not X[0].ndim > 1: raise ValueError("X variable must have more than 1 channel") return self
def _interp(self, t_new, t, x, kind): if not self.assume_sorted: t, x = interp_sort(t, x) interpolator = interp1d(t, x, kind=kind, copy=False, bounds_error=False, fill_value="extrapolate", assume_sorted=True) return interpolator(t_new)
[docs] def transform(self, X, y=None, sample_weight=None): """ Transforms the time series data with linear direct value interpolation If y is a time series and passed, it will be transformed as well The time dimension is removed from the data Parameters ---------- X : array-like, shape [n_series, ...] Time series data and (optionally) contextual data y : array-like shape [n_series], default = None target vector sample_weight : array-like shape [n_series], default = None sample weights Returns ------- X_new : array-like, shape [n_series, ] transformed time series data y_new : array-like, shape [n_series] expanded target vector sample_weight_new : array-like or None None is returned if target is changed. Otherwise it is returned unchanged. """ ts_target = check_ts_data(X, y) Xt, Xc = get_ts_data_parts(X) yt = y swt = sample_weight N = len(Xt) # number of series D = Xt[0].shape[1] - 1 # number of data channels # 1st channel is time t = [Xt[i][:, 0] for i in np.arange(N)] t_lin = [np.arange(Xt[i][0, 0], Xt[i][-1, 0], self.sample_period) for i in np.arange(N)] if D == 1: Xt = [self._interp(t_lin[i], t[i], Xt[i][:, 1], kind=self.kind) for i in np.arange(N)] elif D > 1: Xt = [np.column_stack([self._interp(t_lin[i], t[i], Xt[i][:, j], kind=self.kind) for j in range(1, D + 1)]) for i in np.arange(N)] if Xc is not None: Xt = TS_Data(Xt, Xc) if yt is not None and ts_target: # y is a time series swt = None if self.categorical_target is True: yt = [self._interp(t_lin[i], t[i], yt[i], kind='nearest') for i in np.arange(N)] else: yt = [self._interp(t_lin[i], t[i], yt[i], kind=self.kind) for i in np.arange(N)] else: # y is static - leave y alone pass return Xt, yt, swt
[docs]class InterpLongToWide(BaseEstimator, XyTransformerMixin): """ Converts time series in long format dataframes (where variables are sampled at different times) to wide format data frames usable by the rest of seglearn using direct value interpolation. Input data for this class must have at least 3 columns of type (time, var_type, var_value) Additional columns are treated as additional channels of var_value (e.g. time, var_type, var_value1, var_value2). Each time series must have the same var_types and the same number of columns. Default interpolation is linear, but other types can be specified. If the target is a series, it will be resampled as well. categorical_target should be set to True if the target series is a class The transformer will then use nearest neighbor interp on the target. The interpolation to a linear sampling space, and conversion to wide format dataframe results in the removal of the time column and var_type columns in the data. If start time or similar is important to the estimator, use a context variable. Parameters ---------- sample_period : numeric desired sampling period kind : string interpolation type - valid types as per scipy.interpolate.interp1d categorical_target : bool set to True for classification problems to use nearest instead of linear interp for the target assume_sorted : bool assume time series data are sorted by time stamp Examples -------- >>> import numpy as np >>> from seglearn.transform import InterpLongToWide >>> >>> # sample stacked input with values from 2 variables each with 2 channels >>> t = np.array([1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5]) >>> s = np.array([0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1]) >>> v1 = np.array([3, 4, 5, 7, 15, 25]) >>> v2 = np.array([5, 7, 6, 9, 22, 35]) >>> X = [np.column_stack([t, s, v1, v2])] >>> y = [np.array([1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3])] >>> >>> stacked_interp = InterpLongToWide(0.5) >>> stacked_interp.fit(X, y) >>> Xc, yc, _ = stacked_interp.transform(X, y) """ def __init__(self, sample_period, kind='linear', categorical_target=False, assume_sorted=True): if not sample_period > 0: raise ValueError("sample_period must be >0 (was %f)" % sample_period) self.sample_period = sample_period self.kind = kind self.categorical_target = categorical_target self.assume_sorted = assume_sorted
[docs] def fit(self, X, y=None): """ Fit the transform. Does nothing, for compatibility with sklearn API. Parameters ---------- X : array-like, shape [n_series, ...] Time series data and (optionally) contextual data y : None There is no need of a target in a transformer, yet the pipeline API requires this parameter. Returns ------- self : object Returns self. """ self._check_data(X) if not X[0].ndim >= 2: raise ValueError("X input must be 2 dim array or greater") return self
def _check_data(self, X): """ Checks that unique identifiers vaf_types are consistent between time series. Parameters ---------- X : array-like, shape [n_series, ...] Time series data and (optionally) contextual data """ if len(X) > 1: sval = np.unique(X[0][:, 1]) if np.all([np.all(np.unique(X[i][:, 1]) == sval) for i in range(1, len(X))]): pass else: raise ValueError("Unique identifier var_types not consistent between time series") def _interp(self, t_new, t, x, kind): if not self.assume_sorted: t, x = interp_sort(t, x) interpolator = interp1d(t, x, kind=kind, copy=False, bounds_error=False, fill_value="extrapolate", assume_sorted=True) return interpolator(t_new)
[docs] def transform(self, X, y=None, sample_weight=None): """ Transforms the time series data with linear direct value interpolation If y is a time series and passed, it will be transformed as well The time dimension is removed from the data Parameters ---------- X : array-like, shape [n_series, ...] Time series data and (optionally) contextual data y : array-like shape [n_series], default = None target vector sample_weight : array-like shape [n_series], default = None sample weights Returns ------- X_new : array-like, shape [n_series, ] transformed time series data y_new : array-like, shape [n_series] expanded target vector sample_weight_new : array-like or None None is returned if target is changed. Otherwise it is returned unchanged. """ ts_target = check_ts_data(X, y) xt, xc = get_ts_data_parts(X) yt = y swt = sample_weight # number of data channels d = xt[0][0].shape[0] - 2 # number of series N = len(xt) # retrieve the unique identifiers s = np.unique(xt[0][:, 1]) x_new = [] t_lin = [] # transform x for i in np.arange(N): # splits series into a list for each variable xs = [xt[i][xt[i][:, 1] == s[j]] for j in np.arange(len(s))] # find latest/earliest sample time for each identifier's first/last time sample time t_min = np.max([np.min(xs[j][:, 0]) for j in np.arange(len(s))]) t_max = np.min([np.max(xs[j][:, 0]) for j in np.arange(len(s))]) # Generate a regular series of timestamps starting at tStart and tEnd for sample_period t_lin.append(np.arange(t_min, t_max, self.sample_period)) # Interpolate for the new regular sample times if d == 1: x_new.append( np.column_stack( [self._interp(t_lin[i], xs[j][:, 0], xs[j][:, 2], kind=self.kind) for j in np.arange(len(s))])) elif d > 1: xd = [] for j in np.arange(len(s)): # stack the columns of each variable by dimension d after interpolation to new regular sample times temp = np.column_stack( [(self._interp(t_lin[i], xs[j][:, 0], xs[j][:, k], kind=self.kind)) for k in np.arange(2, 2 + d)]) xd.append(temp) # column stack each of the sensors s -- resulting in s*d columns x_new.append(np.column_stack(xd)) # transform y if yt is not None and ts_target: # y is a time series swt = None if self.categorical_target is True: yt = [self._interp(t_lin[i], xt[i][:, 0], yt[i], kind='nearest') for i in np.arange(N)] else: yt = [self._interp(t_lin[i], xt[i][:, 0], yt[i], kind=self.kind) for i in np.arange(N)] else: # y is static - leave y alone pass if xc is not None: x_new = TS_Data(x_new, xc) return x_new, yt, swt
[docs]class FeatureRep(BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin): """ A transformer for calculating a feature representation from segmented time series data. This transformer calculates features from the segmented time series', by computing the same feature set for each segment from each time series in the data set. The ``features`` computed are a parameter of this transformer, defined by a dict of functions. The seglearn package includes some useful features, but this basic feature set can be easily extended. Parameters ---------- features : dict, optional Dictionary of functions for calculating features from a segmented time series. Each function in the dictionary is specified to compute features from a multivariate segmented time series along axis 1 (the segment) eg: >>> def mean(X): >>> F = np.mean(X, axis = 1) >>> return F X : array-like shape [n_samples, segment_width, n_variables] F : array-like [n_samples, n_features] The number of features returned (n_features) must be >= 1 If features is not specified, a default feature dictionary will be used (see base_features). See ``feature_functions`` for example implementations. verbose: boolean, optional (default false) Controls the verbosity of output messages Attributes ---------- f_labels : list of string feature labels (in order) corresponding to the computed features Examples -------- >>> from seglearn.transform import FeatureRep, Segment >>> from seglearn.pipe import Pype >>> from seglearn.feature_functions import mean, var, std, skew >>> from seglearn.datasets import load_watch >>> from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier >>> data = load_watch() >>> X = data['X'] >>> y = data['y'] >>> fts = {'mean': mean, 'var': var, 'std': std, 'skew': skew} >>> clf = Pype([('seg', Segment()), >>> ('ftr', FeatureRep(features = fts)), >>> ('rf',RandomForestClassifier())]) >>> clf.fit(X, y) >>> print(clf.score(X, y)) """ def __init__(self, features='default', verbose=False): if features == 'default': self.features = base_features() else: if not isinstance(features, dict): raise TypeError("features must either 'default' or an instance of type dict") self.features = features if type(verbose) != bool: raise TypeError("verbose parameter must be type boolean") self.verbose = verbose self.f_labels = None
[docs] def fit(self, X, y=None): """ Fit the transform Parameters ---------- X : array-like, shape [n_series, ...] Segmented time series data and (optionally) contextual data y : None There is no need of a target in a transformer, yet the pipeline API requires this parameter. Returns ------- self : object Returns self. """ check_ts_data(X, y) self._reset() if self.verbose: print("X Shape: ", X.shape) self.f_labels = self._generate_feature_labels(X) return self
[docs] def transform(self, X): """ Transform the segmented time series data into feature data. If contextual data is included in X, it is returned with the feature data. Parameters ---------- X : array-like, shape [n_series, ...] Segmented time series data and (optionally) contextual data Returns ------- X_new : array shape [n_series, ...] Feature representation of segmented time series data and contextual data """ self._check_if_fitted() Xt, Xc = get_ts_data_parts(X) check_array(Xt, dtype='numeric', ensure_2d=False, allow_nd=True) fts = np.column_stack([self.features[f](Xt) for f in self.features]) if Xc is not None: fts = np.column_stack([fts, Xc]) return fts
def _reset(self): """ Resets internal data-dependent state of the transformer. __init__ parameters not touched. """ self.f_labels = None def _check_if_fitted(self): if self.f_labels is None: raise NotFittedError("FeatureRep") def _check_features(self, features, Xti): """ tests output of each feature against a segmented time series X Parameters ---------- features : dict feature function dictionary Xti : array-like, shape [n_samples, segment_width, n_variables] segmented time series (instance) Returns ------- ftr_sizes : dict number of features output by each feature function """ N = Xti.shape[0] N_fts = len(features) fshapes = np.zeros((N_fts, 2), dtype=int) keys = [key for key in features] for i in np.arange(N_fts): fshapes[i] = np.row_stack(features[keys[i]](Xti)).shape # make sure each feature returns an array shape [N, ] if not np.all(fshapes[:, 0] == N): raise ValueError("feature function returned array with invalid length, ", np.array(features.keys())[fshapes[:, 0] != N]) return {keys[i]: fshapes[i, 1] for i in range(N_fts)} def _generate_feature_labels(self, X): """ Generates string feature labels """ Xt, Xc = get_ts_data_parts(X) ftr_sizes = self._check_features(self.features, Xt[0:3]) f_labels = [] # calculated features for key in ftr_sizes: for i in range(ftr_sizes[key]): f_labels += [key + '_' + str(i)] # contextual features if Xc is not None: Ns = len(np.atleast_1d(Xc[0])) s_labels = ["context_" + str(i) for i in range(Ns)] f_labels += s_labels return f_labels
[docs]class FeatureRepMix(_BaseComposition, TransformerMixin): """ A transformer for calculating a feature representation from segmented time series data. This transformer calculates features from the segmented time series', by applying the supplied list of FeatureRep transformers on the specified columns of data. Non-specified columns are dropped. The segmented time series data is expected to enter this transform in the form of num_samples x segment_size x num_features and to leave this transform in the form of num_samples x num_features. The term columns refers to the last dimension of both representations. Note: This code is partially taken (_validate and _transformers functions with docstring) from the scikit-learn ColumnTransformer made available under the 3-Clause BSD license. Parameters ---------- transformers : list of (name, transformer, columns) to be applied on the segmented time series name : string unique string which is used to prefix the f_labels of the FeatureRep below transformer : FeatureRep transform to be applied on the columns specified below columns : integer, slice or boolean mask to specify the columns to be transformed Attributes ---------- f_labels : list of string feature labels (in order) corresponding to the computed features Examples -------- >>> from seglearn.transform import FeatureRepMix, FeatureRep, Segment >>> from seglearn.pipe import Pype >>> from seglearn.feature_functions import mean, var, std, skew >>> from seglearn.datasets import load_watch >>> from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier >>> data = load_watch() >>> X = data['X'] >>> y = data['y'] >>> mask = [False, False, False, True, True, True] >>> clf = Pype([('seg', Segment()), >>> ('union', FeatureRepMix([ >>> ('ftr_a', FeatureRep(features={'mean': mean}), 0), >>> ('ftr_b', FeatureRep(features={'var': var}), [0,1,2]), >>> ('ftr_c', FeatureRep(features={'std': std}), slice(3,7)), >>> ('ftr_d', FeatureRep(features={'skew': skew}), mask), >>> ])), >>> ('rf',RandomForestClassifier())]) >>> clf.fit(X, y) >>> print(clf.score(X, y)) """ def __init__(self, transformers): self.transformers = transformers self.f_labels = None @property def _transformers(self): """ Internal list of transformers only containing the name and transformers, dropping the columns. This is for the implementation of get_params via BaseComposition._get_params which expects lists of tuples of len 2. """ return [(name, trans) for name, trans, _ in self.transformers] @_transformers.setter def _transformers(self, value): self.transformers = [ (name, trans, col) for ((name, trans), (_, _, col)) in zip(value, self.transformers)]
[docs] def get_params(self, deep=True): """ Get parameters for this transformer. Parameters ---------- deep : boolean, optional If True, will return the parameters for this transformer and contained transformers. Returns ------- params : mapping of string to any parameter names mapped to their values. """ return self._get_params('_transformers', deep=deep)
[docs] def set_params(self, **kwargs): """ Set the parameters of this transformer. Valid parameter keys can be listed with ``get_params()``. Returns ------- self """ self._set_params('_transformers', **kwargs) return self
@staticmethod def _select(Xt, cols): """ Select slices of the last dimension from time series data of the form num_samples x segment_size x num_features. """ return np.atleast_3d(Xt)[:, :, cols] @staticmethod def _retrieve_indices(cols): """ Retrieve a list of indices corresponding to the provided column specification. """ if isinstance(cols, int): return [cols] elif isinstance(cols, slice): start = cols.start if cols.start else 0 stop = cols.stop step = cols.step if cols.step else 1 return list(range(start, stop, step)) elif isinstance(cols, list) and cols: if isinstance(cols[0], bool): return np.flatnonzero(np.asarray(cols)) elif isinstance(cols[0], int): return cols else: raise TypeError('No valid column specifier. Only a scalar, list or slice of all' 'integers or a boolean mask are allowed.')
[docs] def fit(self, X, y=None): """ Fit the transform Parameters ---------- X : array-like, shape [n_series, ...] Segmented time series data and (optionally) contextual data y : None There is no need of a target in a transformer, yet the pipeline API requires this parameter. Returns ------- self : object Returns self. """ Xt, Xc = get_ts_data_parts(X) self.f_labels = [] # calculated features (prefix with the FeatureRep name and correct the index) for name, trans, cols in self.transformers: indices = self._retrieve_indices(cols) trans.fit(self._select(Xt, cols)) for label, index in zip(trans.f_labels, indices): self.f_labels.append(name + '_' + label.rsplit('_', 1)[0] + '_' + str(index)) # contextual features if Xc is not None: Ns = len(np.atleast_1d(Xc[0])) self.f_labels += ['context_' + str(i) for i in range(Ns)] return self
def _validate(self): """ Internal function to validate the transformer before applying all internal transformers. """ if self.f_labels is None: raise NotFittedError('FeatureRepMix') if not self.transformers: return names, transformers, _ = zip(*self.transformers) # validate names self._validate_names(names) # validate transformers for trans in transformers: if not isinstance(trans, FeatureRep): raise TypeError("All transformers must be an instance of FeatureRep." " '%s' (type %s) doesn't." % (trans, type(trans)))
[docs] def transform(self, X): """ Transform the segmented time series data into feature data. If contextual data is included in X, it is returned with the feature data. Parameters ---------- X : array-like, shape [n_series, ...] Segmented time series data and (optionally) contextual data Returns ------- X_new : array shape [n_series, ...] Feature representation of segmented time series data and contextual data """ self._validate() Xt, Xc = get_ts_data_parts(X) check_array(Xt, dtype='numeric', ensure_2d=False, allow_nd=True) # calculated features fts = np.column_stack([trans.transform(self._select(Xt, cols)) for _, trans, cols in self.transformers]) # contextual features if Xc is not None: fts = np.column_stack([fts, Xc]) return fts
[docs]class FunctionTransformer(BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin): """ Transformer for applying a custom function to time series data. Parameters ---------- func : function, optional (default=None) the function to be applied to Xt, the time series part of X (contextual variables Xc are passed through unaltered) - X remains unchanged if no function is supplied func_kwargs : dictionary, optional (default={}) keyword arguments to be passed to the function call Returns ------- self : object returns self Examples -------- >>> from seglearn.transform import FunctionTransformer >>> import numpy as np >>> >>> def choose_cols(Xt, cols): >>> return [time_series[:, cols] for time_series in Xt] >>> >>> X = [np.array([[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11]]), >>> np.array([[30, 40, 50], [60, 70, 80], [90, 100, 110]])] >>> y = [np.array([True, False, False, True]), >>> np.array([False, True, False])] >>> trans = FunctionTransformer(choose_cols, func_kwargs={"cols":[0,1]}) >>> X = trans.fit_transform(X, y) """ def __init__(self, func=None, func_kwargs={}): self.func = func self.func_kwargs = func_kwargs
[docs] def fit(self, X, y=None): """ Fit the transform Parameters ---------- X : array-like, shape [n_samples, ...] time series data and (optionally) contextual data y : None there is no need of a target in a transformer, yet the pipeline API requires this Returns ------- self : object returns self """ check_ts_data(X, y) return self
[docs] def transform(self, X): """ Transforms the time series data based on the provided function. Note this transformation must not change the number of samples in the data. Parameters ---------- X : array-like, shape [n_samples, ...] time series data and (optionally) contextual data Returns ------- Xt : array-like, shape [n_samples, ...] transformed time series data """ if self.func is None: return X else: Xt, Xc = get_ts_data_parts(X) n_samples = len(Xt) Xt = self.func(Xt, **self.func_kwargs) if len(Xt) != n_samples: raise ValueError("FunctionTransformer changes sample number (not supported).") if Xc is not None: Xt = TS_Data(Xt, Xc) return Xt